Complex Sentence With A Subordinating Conjunction Example

Complex Sentences with Subordinating Conjunctions: A Comprehensive Guide

Mastering complex sentences is crucial for crafting compelling and nuanced writing. This in-depth guide delves into the world of complex sentences, focusing specifically on the role and usage of subordinating conjunctions. We'll explore numerous examples, unravel common misconceptions, and provide practical tips to elevate your writing skills. By the end, you'll confidently identify and utilize complex sentences to enhance the clarity and impact of your communication.

Understanding Complex Sentences

A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Let's break down these terms:

Independent Clause: A complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. It contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete idea. Example: The sun is shining.
Dependent Clause: A group of words that contains a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a sentence. It relies on an independent clause for complete meaning. Example: because it's a beautiful day

A subordinating conjunction is the glue that connects the dependent clause to the independent clause, creating a complex sentence.

The Power of Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions are words that introduce dependent clauses and show the relationship between the dependent clause and the independent clause. They indicate time, place, reason, contrast, condition, or purpose. Without these crucial words, the dependent clause would be a sentence fragment.

Categorizing Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions can be categorized by the relationship they express:

1. Time

These conjunctions indicate when an action occurred in relation to another. Examples include:

after: After the rain stopped, we went for a walk.
before: Before we left, we locked the door.
since: Since I moved, I've made many new friends.
until/till: We waited until the bus arrived.
when: When the phone rang, I jumped.
while: While I was sleeping, the cat knocked over a vase.
as: As the sun set, the sky turned orange.
once: Once upon a time, there was a princess.

2. Place

These conjunctions show where something occurred. Examples include:

where: I'll go wherever you go.
wherever: Wherever he goes, adventure follows.

3. Reason/Cause

These conjunctions explain why something happened. Examples include:

because: Because it was raining, I stayed home.
since: Since you're here, let's have dinner.
as: As it was late, we decided to leave.

4. Contrast/Concession

These conjunctions introduce an element of contrast or opposition. Examples include:

although/though: Although it was cold, we went swimming.
even though: Even though I was tired, I finished the project.
while: While I agree with you on some points, I disagree on others.

5. Condition

These conjunctions introduce a condition that must be met for something else to happen. Examples include:

if: If it rains, we'll stay inside.
unless: Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exam.
provided that/providing that: Provided that you finish your work, you can go out.
in case: In case of fire, break the glass.

6. Purpose

These conjunctions indicate the reason for an action. Examples include:

so that: I studied hard so that I could pass the exam.
in order that: He saved his money in order that he could buy a car.

Placement of Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions usually begin the dependent clause. The placement of the dependent clause within the complex sentence can vary, resulting in different emphasis and flow:

Dependent Clause First: Because it was raining, the game was postponed. (Emphasis on the reason)
Independent Clause First: The game was postponed because it was raining. (Emphasis on the postponement)

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Comma Splices: Don't use a comma to join an independent clause and a dependent clause. The subordinating conjunction is sufficient. Incorrect: It was raining, because the game was postponed. Correct: Because it was raining, the game was postponed.
Run-on Sentences: Avoid stringing together multiple independent and dependent clauses without proper punctuation and conjunctions. Break them down into shorter, clearer sentences or use appropriate conjunctions and punctuation.
Sentence Fragments: Ensure your dependent clauses are correctly attached to an independent clause. A dependent clause alone is a sentence fragment.

Advanced Usage of Complex Sentences

Mastering complex sentences involves more than just correctly using subordinating conjunctions. Consider these advanced techniques:

Multiple Dependent Clauses: You can create complex sentences with multiple dependent clauses, showcasing intricate relationships between ideas. Example: Although it was raining, and even though the wind was blowing, we still decided to have a picnic because it was a special occasion.
Embedded Clauses: You can embed one dependent clause within another, adding layers of meaning and complexity. Example: The book, which I bought at the used bookstore that’s near my house, is an amazing story that I recommend to everyone.
Varying Sentence Structure: Don't overuse complex sentences. Mix them with simple and compound sentences for a more natural and engaging rhythm.

Examples of Complex Sentences with Subordinating Conjunctions

Let’s delve into more examples showcasing the versatile applications of subordinating conjunctions across different categories:

Time:

Before the sun rose, the birds began to chirp.
After completing the marathon, she felt a sense of accomplishment.
Since I last saw you, many things have happened.
While they were sleeping, someone broke into their house.
When the clock struck midnight, the spell was broken.
As soon as I finish this article, I’ll take a break.

Place:

Where there's smoke, there's fire.
Wherever you go, I will follow.

Reason/Cause:

Because of the heavy rain, the flight was delayed.
Since you’re a vegetarian, I made a special pasta dish for you.
As the evidence was compelling, the jury found him guilty.

Contrast/Concession:

Although he was tired, he continued to work.
Even though it was a challenging task, she persevered.
While I respect your opinion, I disagree with your conclusion.
Though the mountain was high, they were determined to reach the summit.

Condition:

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
Unless you leave now, you will miss the train.
Provided that you complete the assignment, you can go home early.
In case of emergency, call 911.

Purpose:

So that he could learn a new language, he moved to Spain.
In order that she could impress her boss, she worked late into the night.

Improving Your Writing with Complex Sentences

By incorporating well-structured complex sentences, you can significantly enhance the sophistication and impact of your writing. Here’s a recap of key strategies:

Understand the function of subordinating conjunctions: Choose the conjunction that accurately reflects the relationship between your clauses.
Practice combining independent and dependent clauses: Experiment with placing the dependent clause before or after the independent clause to vary sentence structure and emphasis.
Avoid common errors: Pay attention to comma usage, sentence fragments, and run-on sentences.
Read widely: Observe how accomplished writers utilize complex sentences in their works.
Review and revise: After writing, take the time to refine your sentences, ensuring clarity and conciseness.

Mastering complex sentences is a journey, not a destination. Through consistent practice and careful attention to detail, you'll become increasingly adept at crafting nuanced and engaging writing. By effectively utilizing subordinating conjunctions, you will unlock new levels of expression and clarity in your written communication. Remember to maintain a balance; while complex sentences add depth, a variety of sentence structures keeps your writing vibrant and easy to read.